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Three years prior to Pearl Harbor, the US Army Air Corps solicited bids for a twin-engined attack bomber as specified under USAAC Circular Proposal 38-385. The North American B-25 Mitchell became standard equipment for the Allied Air Forces in World War II and was perhaps the most versatile aircraft of the war. It became the most heavily armed airplane in the world, was used for high-and low-level bombing, strafing, photo reconnaissance, sub patrol and even as a fighter. 9,900 Mitchells were produced from late 1939 to 1945. The B-25 flew with the USAAF, the US Navy, Marine Corps, British, Dutch and Australia. Bomb capacity was 5,000 pounds. Incredibly, some versions carried a 75 mm Howitzer which proved highly effective against Japanese shipping. One version carried eight .50-caliber guns in the nose, which provided 14 forward-firing guns. A noteworthy accomplishment of the B-25 was the Gen. Jimmy Dolittle raid on Tokyo in April 18, 1942, which required that a squadron of specially equipped B-25s perform a mission which the designers could never have imagined: Take off from an aircraft carrier in the far North Pacific, carry out a daylight raid on targets in Tokyo, then, hopefully, fly into China where they were to land or ditch with minimum loss of life. The carrier unexpectedly encountered a Japanese fishing trawler which could have radioed a warning to Japan, so the launch was carried out earlier and much further from Japan than had been intended, resulting in the loss of nearly all aircraft due to fuel exhaustion following the strike. It has been speculated that in the aftermath of the huge American losses at Pearl Harbor, followed by further humiliation at the hands of the Imperial Japanese forces in the Philippines, Washington had decided that a morale-boosting attack on the Japanese homeland was worth the risk. Damage to Tokyo was light, but the raid went down in aviation history as a remarkable achievement against heavy odds. This extraordinary photo of the North American B-25 was taken by Phillip Makanna of Ghosts.com Watch for our next featured airplane or airman! |